About Sofia, Bulgaria

Sofia’s story begins over 7,000 years ago when it was a Thracian settlement known as Serdica. The Thracians were a fascinating civilization, known for their fierce warrior culture and intricate gold craftsmanship.They chose this location for its strategic position, nestled amidst mountains and fertile plains.

The story of Roman Serdica begins in the 1st century AD when the Roman Empire conquered the Thracian settlement of Serdica. The Romans recognized its strategic importance and transformed it into a thriving urban center. Under Roman rule, Serdica witnessed a remarkable architectural transformation. Grand structures like thermal baths, forums, and an amphitheater graced the cityscape. Some of these ruins are still visible today. The Romans brought with them not only architectural splendor but also their culture, governance, and trade. Serdica thrived as a key trading hub, connecting the East and West. The remnants of Roman Serdica are still present in Sofia, where archaeological excavations have uncovered a wealth of artifacts, including intricate mosaics and statues. The city’s streets, which follow the original Roman grid plan, are a testament to its enduring legacy.

Sofia’s connection with Byzantium, the Eastern Roman Empire, dates back to the 4th century AD. As a thriving Roman city, it fell under Byzantine rule, marking the beginning of a lasting influence. The Byzantine Empire played a pivotal role in the spread of Christianity, and Sofia was no exception. Iconic churches and religious sites were erected, such as St. Sofia Church and the Church of St. George, showcasing Byzantine architectural and artistic traditions. Byzantine architecture left an indelible mark on Sofia. The use of domes, mosaics, and intricate frescoes is evident in several of the city’s churches and religious buildings. Byzantium’s influence extended to trade and commerce. Sofia thrived as a significant trade hub, connecting Europe and Asia, thanks in part to Byzantine economic policies. Sofia’s strategic location in the Balkans made it an important outpost for Byzantine rulers, who recognized its value as a cultural and political center.

The Ottomans first conquered Sofia in 1382, during the reign of Sultan Murad I. This marked the beginning of nearly five centuries of Ottoman rule in the city. Sofia became an important administrative and economic center in the region. It was part of the Ottoman province of Rumelia and served as the capital of the Eyalet of Sofia. The Ottomans encouraged the conversion of the local population to Islam. As a result, many mosques and other Islamic structures were built in the city. Ottoman architecture, such as domed mosques and minarets, became prevalent in Sofia.The Ottomans made significant urban developments in Sofia, including the construction of public baths, bridges, and bazaars. The city’s layout and infrastructure were transformed during this period. The Ottoman influence extended to Sofia’s culinary traditions. Delicacies like kebabs, baklava, and traditional Turkish coffee became part of the city’s culinary landscape.

The 19th century brought the dawn of a new era. The Liberation of Sofia in 1878 was a beacon of hope for a nation yearning for freedom. The Russo-Turkish War led to Sofia’s emancipation from Ottoman rule and set the stage for a new, independent Bulgaria. Sofia became the capital of the newly formed state, a symbol of resilience and aspiration.

Sofia evolved into a vibrant and cosmopolitan city in the 20th century. It bore witness to the tumultuous events of two world wars, as well as the profound social and political transformations of the Cold War era. Today, the city stands as a testament to the resilience of its people and their ability to adapt to change while preserving their cultural identity.